metabolism of amino acids pdf

Introduction L-Carnitine is a naturally occurring compound that plays a critical role in energy metabolism. Derived from the amino acids lysine and methionine, it functions as a vital transporter of long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondria, where they are oxidized to produce energy. This article provides an in-depth analysis of L-Carnitine, covering its chemical properties, technical specifications, applications, and the company behind its production. For more information about L-Carnitine, visit this page . Product Overview Chemical Formula: C₇H₁₅NO₃ Chemical Name: (R)-3-Carboxy-2-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethylpropanaminium hydroxide inner salt Appearance: White or off-white crystalline powder L-Carnitine is produced through precision-controlled purification and refining processes, ensuring a high-purity nutritional enhancer with superior physiological activity. Its primary function is to facilitate the transport of long-chain fatty acids across cell membranes into the mitochondria, where they are broken down for energy. This process enhances fat catabolism, reduces glycogen consumption, and increases fat oxidation to meet the body's energy demands. Learn more about L-Carnitine's benefits . Key Benefits of L-Carnitine Optimal Fatty Acid Transport: Enhances the movement of long-chain fatty acids into mitochondria, promoting lipid metabolic balance. Improved Energy Production: Boosts β-oxidation and regulates the acyl-CoA/CoA ratio within mitochondria, optimizing energy efficiency. Enhanced Reproductive Performance: Improves fertility and reproductive outcomes in male livestock and poultry. Stress Reduction: Alleviates stress, enhances stamina, and accelerates fatigue recovery in animals. Improved Growth Rates: Increases growth rates in aquatic animals while reducing the feed conversion ratio (FCR). Technical Specifications The following table outlines the technical specifications of L-Carnitine: Specification L-Carnitine Content Specific Rotation [α]ᴅ²⁰ pH Loss on Drying Residue on Ignition Heavy Metals (Pb) Total Arsenic (As) 98% 97.0–103.0% -29–-32° 6.5–8.5 ≤4.0% ≤0.5% ≤10 ppm ≤2 ppm 50% ≥50.0% -14–-17° 6.5–8.5 ≤7.0% ≤45% ≤10 ppm ≤2 ppm Note: Complies with GB 34461-2017 "National Standard for Feed Additive L-Carnitine." Recommended Dosage by Animal Species The optimal dosage of L-Carnitine varies depending on the animal species: Animal Species Swine Poultry Fish Addition Level 30–500 50–150 5–100 (Unit: mg/kg feed) Applications of L-Carnitine L-Carnitine is widely used in various industries, including: Animal Feed: Enhances growth rates, reproductive performance, and energy efficiency in livestock, poultry, and aquatic animals. Human Nutrition: Supports metabolic health, fat loss, and athletic performance in dietary supplements. Pharmaceuticals: Used in formulations to address metabolic disorders and improve cellular energy production. Company Background: Hebei Fuyang Biotechnology Co., LTD Hebei Fuyang Biotechnology Co., LTD is a leading manufacturer of L-Carnitine and other specialty chemicals. With a commitment to quality and innovation, the company employs precision-controlled purification and refining processes to ensure the highest standards of purity and efficacy. Their products comply with national and international regulations, including the GB 34461-2017 standard for feed additives. For more information about the company's products and services, visit Hebei Fuyang Biotechnology Co., LTD . Authoritative References and Compliance The technical specifications and safety standards of L-Carnitine are aligned with guidelines from authoritative organizations. While direct links to external sources like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) could not be retrieved, the compliance with GB 34461-2017 ensures adherence to rigorous quality control measures. For further details on industry standards, refer to the NIST website . Conclusion L-Carnitine is a vital compound with diverse applications in animal nutrition, human health, and pharmaceuticals. Its ability to enhance fat metabolism and energy production makes it an essential component in modern feed and supplement formulations. Hebei Fuyang Biotechnology Co., LTD continues to lead in the production of high-quality L-Carnitine, ensuring compliance with global standards and delivering superior physiological benefits. For more information about L-Carnitine and its applications, explore this comprehensive guide . References NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology): https://www.nist.gov/ GB 34461-2017: National Standard for Feed Additive L-Carnitine.